If you feel that assistance with dietary needs, meal preparation, and planning would be helpful for you or your loved one, and would like to learn about our Companion Care Services, please visit us online or call your local CareFocus Companion office to learn more. 

This information is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions.  

If you feel that receiving care in your home is right for you or your loved one, and would like to learn about our Companion Care Services, please visit us online or call your local CareFocus Companion office to learn more. 

This information is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions.  

According to Mental Health America, depression is a widespread mental health issue that affects more than 21 million Americans each year. Common symptoms of depression include: unrelenting sadness, fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, trouble concentrating, loss of interest in favorite activities, anxiety, and thoughts of death or suicide. Left untreated, depression pulls people down, changes the way they perceive the world, and negatively impacts their ability to work and function in day-to-day life.

The elderly are not immune to depression, and in fact, they may be more susceptible and vulnerable. Up to seven million older adults may suffer from at least some level of depression according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The mental condition is especially dangerous to the elderly, can exacerbate other medical conditions, and impair a senior's ability or will to take care of him or herself. The holidays do not trigger depression, but they can increase feelings of loneliness and sadness. Usually chronic or grave illnesses lead to feelings of depression in the elderly and sometimes it is simply due to an unexplained change in the brain chemistry. 

A troubling problem is the fact that depression in the elderly is too often untreated or misdiagnosed as some other condition such as dementia. A qualified geriatric healthcare specialist can differentiate between depression and dementia. Typically, with dementia a person gradually becomes confused and disoriented in once familiar settings. On the other hand, depression causes rapid mental decline with memory and motor skills problems, but they generally remain oriented to place and time. In either case, seniors require medical attention and treatment. 

A senior who is not treated for depression can become increasingly lethargic, withdrawn, and irritable but may have trouble expressing feelings. Many seniors come from a generation that is unfamiliar with depression or views it as a character weakness. It is up to caretakers and family members to recognize the signs of the illness and let seniors know it is a treatable condition. Unless they receive treatment, depressed seniors can stop taking care of their health, feel burdensome and worthless, and possibly suffer a premature death. 

There are several different treatment options available to the elderly that a geriatric healthcare specialist can prescribe. Often loneliness and the "holiday blues" can be relieved by more frequent visits with loved ones and increased activity in the senior's living community. For seniors with full-blown depression, antidepressants and talk therapy can be beneficial in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life. Family members must understand that depression is not a natural stage of aging; nor can the senior simply "get over it" with a changed attitude. With proper treatment, most seniors recover from depression and enjoy a happier, longer life.

If you or someone you love has been affected by depression and needs assistance at home, contact your local Maxim Healthcare Services office to learn more about how we can help with activities of daily living and in-home nursing needs.

This information is not meant as a substitute for professional, medical, or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

If you have always been the host of family gatherings, but this year you are also the primary caregiver for someone with Alzheimer’s, the Alzheimer’s Association has the following suggestions that may help to keep the holiday season a happy and memorable occasion:

• Contact family and friends who will be visiting for the holidays two or three weeks ahead of the holiday to discuss your caregiving situation so everyone will know what to expect. This can be done by writing an e-mail or having a phone call to discuss changes in your loved one and prepare other family members for the possibility that their loved one may be confused or forgetful.
• Greeting cards are often appreciated and especially treasured by someone dealing with Alzheimer’s. Suggest to family members that they send a greeting card and include a photo. This may help your loved one to recognize the sender when they arrive.
• Ask for help. Caregiving is a tough job, so delegate some of the holiday tasks to others. Perhaps make one or more of the meals  pot-luck style or order a meal with all the trimmings from a local caterer or restaurant.
• Adjust your schedule and consider having the main holiday meal at noon or early in the afternoon, to avoid confusion and upset if the individual with Alzheimer’s becomes tired in the early evening. Keeping rooms brightly lit may also help.
• Involve your loved one in the preparations as much as possible. Helping with baking, gift-wrapping, or setting the table are tasks that are safe and manageable. Your loved one may also enjoy helping with decorating and the activity may lessen their confusion over changes in their familiar surroundings. Avoid over-stimulating decorations like flashing lights, or décor such as lighted candles which could be hazardous. 
• Keep activities simple. Music is often enjoyed and remembered after other memories are lost. Singing familiar carols or watching holiday classics can be an enjoyable, comforting tradition for the entire family.
• Adapt to the need for rest and familiarity by keeping one room in the home unaltered by decoration and holiday festivities. It is usually best to keep the room of the individual with Alzheimer’s unchanged. It will give them a refuge if the day becomes overwhelming or fatiguing. 

Traditions and celebrations are wonderful, but the holidays are truly about enjoying the company of friends and loved ones. Including a loved one with Alzheimer’s demands flexibility and creativity from everyone, but the joy of togetherness is the greatest gift of all.

If someone you love is living with dementia or Alzheimer’s, it is important to know what to expect as the condition progresses. CareFocus Companion Services can help by providing you and your loved one with the support resources necessary to cope with the sometimes-overwhelming struggles of caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease. For more information on CareFocus Companion's Alzheimer’s care services in your area, contact your companion care office today.

This information is not meant as a substitute for professional, medical, or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

Breast cancer occurs due to the formation of malignant or benign tumors typically starting in the ducts and lobules of the breasts, and rarely in the breast tissue of men. An enormous risk for women with breast cancer is that a malignant growth can spread to nearby tissue. During this process, cells can travel into other parts of the body through the blood stream or the lymphatic system. Known as metastasis, this process often causes tumors in the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Even non-invasive forms of breast cancer can lead to invasive cancer or an increased risk of invasive forms. As breast cancer advances through multiple stages, the chances of survival decrease, which makes early detection screenings essential.

Healthy living is the most important factor in the prevention of breast cancer. Engaging in regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of breast cancer. Women should incorporate fruits and vegetables, calcium-rich foods, lean protein, whole grains, and a multivitamin that includes folate into their diet. It is also important to limit alcohol and refrain from smoking cigarettes. Improving emotional health by finding ways to lower stress can help prevent breast cancer as well.

Detection screenings can discover the disease in its early stages, improving the patient's prognosis. According to the American Cancer Society, it is recommended that women age 40 and over receive yearly mammograms and clinical breast exams. These two screening tools are most effective when paired together. If you or a loved one has risk factors, such as a family history of breast cancer, you should talk to a doctor about mammograms and other forms of early detection like breast MRIs, regardless of age.

Breast self-awareness also increases the odds of early detection. It is important to take note and contact a doctor if you find lumps or hard knots in the breasts, swelling, darkening, redness, or warmth, change in breast size or shape, rashes on the nipples that are sore, scaly, and itchy, a pulling-in of the nipple, the sudden onset of nipple discharge, or persistent pain in one area. Breast self-examination should not be used in lieu of screenings but as a way to become familiar with your own breasts to detect changes.

Being informed on the subject of breast cancer can also be beneficial. Susan G. Komen for the Cure, The American Cancer Society, and The National Cancer Institute are all valuable resources for obtaining more information. Each of these Web sites offer tools for locating doctors and treatment centers. If you or a loved one experiences any of the signs of breast cancer, it is important to request a second look from a healthcare provider or specialist.

By raising awareness about breast cancer, detection screenings, and research through Breast Cancer Awareness Month, we can work towards eliminating the disease. If you or a loved one is coping with the daily stresses, challenges, physical and emotional effects of cancer, CareFocus Companion Services can help. If you feel that receiving care in your home is right for you or your loved one, and would like to learn about our Companion Care Services, please visit us online or call your local CareFocus Companion office to learn more. 

This information is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

If you know an elderly driver who is experiencing difficulty on the road, it is important to carefully monitor the situation and watch for signs of unsafe driving. If you notice any warning signs, it is time to reassess the road risks that your loved one faces. At CareFocus Companion Services, we care about the health and safety of you and your loved ones. Use the checklist below to assist in determining when the appropriate time may be to encourage the senior in your life to stop driving.

Driving Safety Tips for Seniors

What are the risk factors associated with aging that can affect driving abilities? 

Decline in vision.

 Hearing loss.

 Limited mobility and increased reaction time.

 Medications: certain medications can increase driving risks.

 Drowsiness: aging can cause changes in routine sleep patterns, resulting in a tendency to doze off during the day.

 Dementia or brain impairment.

Are there environmental factors that can affect a senior’s ability to drive? 

 Signs and road markings may be difficult to read.

 Intersections can become complex or confusing.

 Drivers may be operating an older vehicle that lacks automatic safety features.

 Newer vehicles with multiple displays on the dashboard may be overwhelming or puzzling.

What are some warning signs of unsafe driving? 

 Driving excessively slow/fast.

 Abrupt lane changes, braking, or acceleration.

 Increase in the number of close calls, or dents/scrapes on the car or on fences, mailboxes, garage doors, curbs, etc.

 Failure to use (or turn off) turn signals.

 Drifting into other lanes.

 Driving on the wrong side of the road or on the shoulder.

 Trouble reading signs or directions to get somewhere.

 Range-of-motion issues (i.e. looking over the shoulder, moving hands or feet, etc.).

 Trouble moving the foot from the gas to the brake pedal, or confusing the two pedals.

 Feeling more nervous or fearful while driving or feeling exhausted after driving.

 More conflict on the road: other drivers honking; oblivious to why other drivers are honking; frustration or anger at other drivers.

 Getting lost more frequently.

 Difficulties paying attention to signals, road signs, pavement markings, or pedestrians.

 Slow reaction to changes in the driving environment.

 Increased traffic tickets or “warnings” by traffic or law enforcement officers.

What steps should be taken if there is concern about the safety of a senior driver? 

 Look for the warning signs of unsafe driving.

 Watch for changes in driving habits, general behavior, and health.

 Encourage a driving evaluation through the MVA/DMV, in addition to a refresher driver’s education course.

 Explore ways to reduce driving and find alternate modes of transportation, such as making purchases online or arranging for someone to help run errands when needed.

 Get the support of a physician and other family members if necessary.

What is the appropriate way to approach and discuss this sensitive issue with your loved one? 

 Be understanding if resistance occurs. A car is not merely a mode of transportation, but also a symbol of independence.

 Ask questions rather than make demands. (i.e. Would you consider not driving after dark?).

 Talk about safety considerations for the senior driver and remind him/her that others on the road are at risk as well.

 Acknowledge the lifestyle change, but discuss transportation options and alternatives.

 Emphasize monetary savings of not owning/using a car.

 Seek confirmation of the situation.

What steps should be taken should the senior driver refuse to acknowledge that there is a problem? 

 Take away the car keys.

 Disable the car and/or remove it from the senior driver’s home.

 Have his/her physician write a ‘no driving’ prescription and notify the MVA/DMV that this individual is no longer able to be on the road.

Driving is not a privilege that anyone, regardless of age, wants to give up willingly. As important as it is to treat senior drivers with respect, it is also important to help them retire from the road when the time is right. For more information or recommendations on how to speak with your loved one about safe driving, contact your local CareFocus Companion office today! You can find other articles like this on our Web site in the Home Care Resources section. 

*This information is presented for the purpose of educating the consumer on a variety of wellness and health care topics (the “Information”). Nothing contained is intended to be instructional for medical diagnosis or treatment. The Information contained is compiled from a variety of sources. The Information should not be considered complete and should not be used in place of a visit with, call to, consultation or advice from your physician or other health care provider. 

• What services are you seeking?
• What are the two main types of home care?
• What services are offered?

Needs – What Services Are You Seeking? 

Although this may seem like a simple question, it shouldn’t be overlooked. Choosing a home care agency is a very big decision and it’s often easy to overlook your loved one’s specific needs during the process. When it comes to the fundamental questions you should be asking yourself, consider the following:

• What level of care do you or your loved one require? Will it require a more hands-on approach?
• Are you seeking companion care for someone with Alzheimer’s, dementia, or memory loss?
• Do you or a loved one live with a physical disability or limited mobility?

These questions are just a few of the many that you can ask to help to identify the aspects of care that are needed. Ideally, they will lead to more questions which will truly help you to see the bigger picture. Fully understanding your needs or the needs of a loved one will not only make this entire process easier, but it will give your home care provider a better idea of how to match needs with services.

For more information, please feel free to review our “Getting Started: Evaluating Your Loved One’s Needs” checklist to assist you in identifying and monitoring changes in your loved one’s behavior.

Types – What Are the Two Major Types of Home Care? 

After you have assessed your needs, it’s time to figure out whether services will be medical or non-medical. There are two major types of home care and it’s important to understand the difference. For example, home health services (medical) are typically covered by Medicare while home care (non-medical) services are not (unless it is part of a skilled medical need). These types of distinctions can make a huge difference:    

1. Home Health Agencies 

• Focused more on the medical aspects of home care
• Provide skilled treatment and/or rehabilitation services to homebound patients
• These agencies will often have a Registered Nurse who will develop a care plan

2. Home Care Agencies 

• Often referred to as non-medical care
• Services range from personal care activities (i.e. eating and dressing) to housekeeping
• Highly trained caregivers are ideal for helping with basic life tasks and companionship

Knowing the difference between these two types of agencies is vital because each of them offers a different range of services. One of the first things you’ll want to do is identify the extent of services that are needed. Consulting with a trusted personal physician or medical professional could be helpful in determining if any type of hands-on medical care would be involved.  

Services – What Services Are Offered? 

One of the advantages of the Internet is the sheer amount of information available about home care agencies. Not only can we read consumer reviews of an agency’s service, but the majority of them also have their own website(s). Most sites have a comprehensive description of services offered. As you read through them, keep the following in mind:

• What kinds of initial assessments are offered; will the agency provide a home evaluation or care plan?
• What fees are associated with service and do they provide flexible hours?

Choosing Home Care 

Keep in mind that the information we’ve presented to you doesn’t reflect all of the considerations that are involved with choosing home care service. This document is meant as a guide to help you get the conversation started. CareFocus welcomes the opportunity to join the conversation. We are happy to answer your questions and connect you to the right people. Remember, although choosing home care services can seem like an overwhelming decision; it’s one you don’t have to make alone.  

As you know, living with arthritis can significantly impact a patient’s ability to perform everyday household tasks or enjoy lifelong hobbies. These limitations can cause a great deal of concern for the caregivers and families of an arthritis patient. But there is one aspect of these chronic conditions that doesn’t receive the attention it is due; the emotional impact experienced by the patient.

The Emotional Toll of Arthritis 

According to a National Institute of Mental Health report released in 2005, approximately 20 percent of the elderly population suffers from depression.² In fact, the symptoms and disabilities commonly associated with arthritis may increase an individual’s vulnerability to depression. After all, they are dealing with both the physical and emotional effects of limited mobility. In addition, many patients are also worried that they may be placing additional burden upon friends and family.

To expand on how arthritis can lead to symptoms of depression, let’s consider a woman named Susan who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) three years ago and experiences regularly painful flare-ups. Susan had a rewarding career as a piano teacher and has always been passionate about music. However, RA symptoms have made it extremely difficult for her to play the piano and she can no longer perform the very activity that brings her the most joy. In this example, it’s easy to see how symptoms of arthritis can contribute to feelings of sadness and hopelessness.

How Companion Care Can Help 

In-home care is an excellent way to help alleviate both the physical and emotional toll people with arthritis may experience. While companion care provides a host of personal assistance services meant to improve a person’s quality of life and help in their daily activities, it can also contribute significantly to easing the emotional effects experienced by arthritis patients through:

• Companionship and conversation
• Entertaining (games, crafts, reading, etc.)
• Reminding (medication, dates, routine, etc.)
• Ensuring family members know that their loved one is safe

We must remember that the effects of arthritis, or other chronic conditions, are not limited to physical limitations; the emotional impact must also be considered. At CareFocus Companion Services, we understand how physical limitations often affect one’s emotional well-being which is why we’re committed to providing experienced and compassionate care. We provide services to address both the physical and emotional needs of our customers.

If you are thinking about how companion care services can help a loved one living with arthritis, please feel free to contact us. CareFocus is available to answer your questions and connect you with the right people for additional information. For a list and additional details about our home assistance services, please feel free to review a comprehensive list of our services located on the CareFocus, “Our Services” page.

¹http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/arthritis_related_stats.htm
²http://www.arthritismd.com/arthritis-and-depression.html 

WHAT IS CLASS? 

CLASS is a voluntary program that allows you to buy non-medical services for long-term care as a result of cognitive (e.g. dementia) or functional (e.g. osteoporosis) limitations. If you develop conditions that are expected to last for 90 consecutive days, you will be eligible to receive benefits from a trust fund established by the Department of Health and Human Services. A licensed physician will be responsible for validating a patient’s physical and/or mental limitation for benefit disbursement.

ENROLLMENT AND ELIGIBILITY 

Enrollment is subject to change as guidelines are developed by HHS. For now, employers will be given the option of carrying CLASS benefit for employees; voluntary payroll deductions will pay for the premium. If your employer doesn’t carry the CLASS benefit, or if you are self-employed, a separate option will be available that allows you to pay directly into the trust fund.

Eligibility requirements are especially important when it comes to new healthcare initiatives. To be eligible for CLASS, you must have paid monthly premiums for at least five years and have been employed for three of those five years. Don’t worry, Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security retirement, survivors, disability, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits will not be affected by CLASS. In fact, CLASS will generally be the primary payer for individuals who are also eligible for Medicaid.² 

WHAT TYPES OF SERVICES ARE COVERED? 

CLASS covers a wide variety of long-term services, including home-based care, assisted living, accessible transportation, and home modifications. Benefit disbursements are expected to be $75/day (over $27,000 per year) and they are not expected to average less than $50 per day.

WHEN WILL CLASS GO INTO EFFECT? 

The Secretary of HHS is working to establish guidelines for the various levels of limitation, disability, or impairment by October 2012. After these have been approved, the recruitment phase will begin. Disbursement of funds won’t begin until 2017 due to the five-year waiting period we’ve described above.

HOW DOES CLASS AFFECT YOU? 

It’s very important to understand all aspects of CLASS because it will affect future decisions regarding long-term care for you or your loved ones. Remember, CLASS is an evolving program and it’s important that you examine all aspects with an industry professional. If you need help finding the right person to speak with, feel free to contact us. CareFocus Companion Services can answer your questions and even connect you with the right people for additional information. To help you get started, we’ve provided two great resources that provide a summary of the CLASS program.  

• CLASS Act Video Summary (Kaiser Foundation)³ 
• CLASS Act Text Summary (Insurance – About.com)⁴ 

Vaccines work best when they are given at certain ages. For example, children don't receive measles vaccine until they are at least one year old. If it is given earlier it might not be as effective. Although some of the vaccines you receive as a child provide protection for many years, adults need immunizations too.³ According to the CDC, “the specific immunizations you need as an adult are determined by factors such as your age, lifestyle, high-risk conditions, type and locations of travel, and previous immunizations”⁴.

It’s important to understand which vaccines are needed and when to get them.⁵  The CDC’s website offers downloadable vaccination schedules for both adults and children.  Additionally, as an adult you can use the lists below to discuss with your healthcare provider which vaccines you need:

Seasonal influenza (flu)⁶ 

• Who needs it? The flu vaccine is recommended for anyone 6 months of age and older.. Vaccination is especially important if you have a chronic illness or a weak immune system, you work in a health care setting, you live in a long term care facility, or you live with or care for anyone at high risk of flu-related complications — including children age 5 years or younger.  
• When to get it? Get one dose of the flu vaccine every year, ideally in October or November.
• Who shouldn't have it? The flu vaccine isn't recommended if you're allergic to eggs, you had an allergic reaction to a previous flu vaccine or any vaccine component, and/or you're currently ill. Consult your doctor if you've ever had Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Pneumonia⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the pneumonia (pneumococcal polysaccharide) vaccine if you're age 65 or older, you have a chronic illness or a weak immune system, you've had your spleen removed, you live in a long term care facility, have asthma, or you smoke.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the pneumonia vaccine at any time. You may need a second dose if you're age 65 years or older and received your first dose before age 65 and five or more years ago, you have a weakend immune system or kidney disease, you had an organ or bone marrow transplant, or you had your spleen removed.
• Who shouldn't have it? The pneumonia vaccine isn't recommended if you had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of pneumonia vaccine or any vaccine component and/or you're currently ill.

Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis⁶ 

• Who needs it? A dose of the combined tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (aka whooping cough) (Tdap) vaccine is recommended for all adults ages 19 to 64, regardless of when the last vaccine containing tetanus or diphtheria toxoid was given. Vaccination is especially important if you have a wound likely to become infected, you have close contact with infants, you just gave birth and haven't had a Tdap vaccine, you might become pregnant, or you work in a health care setting. If you're age 65 or older, get Tdap if you haven't previously received it and you may have close contact with an infant younger than age 12 months.
• When to get it? Get one dose of Tdap if you never finished the tetanus-diphtheria (Td) series or don't know if you ever had the Td vaccine. Get a second dose of Td vaccine four to 8  weeks after the first dose. Get a third dose of Td vaccine six to 12 months after the second dose. If you're due for a Td booster but haven't previously received Tdap, get one dose of the Tdap vaccine at any time. Get a Td booster every 10 years.
• Who shouldn't have it? The Tdap vaccine isn't recommended if you had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of the Td or Tdap vaccine, you're pregnant, you experienced a coma or seizures within seven days of a previous pertussis vaccine, and/or you're currently ill. Consult your doctor if you have epilepsy or you've had Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Meningitis⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the meningitis (meningococcal) vaccine if you didn't have it as a child or adolescent and you're living in a dormitory for the first time, you travel to or work in parts of the world where meningitis is common, or you had your spleen removed. The vaccine may also be recommended if you're at high risk or an outbreak occurs in your community.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the meningitis vaccine at any time. The meningococcal conjugate vaccine is the preferred vaccine for people 2 through 55 years of age in the above mentioned risk groups. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine can be used if Meningococcal conjugate vaccine is not available and for adults over 55.. If you're age 56 or older, get the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Adults who remain at high risk should receive subsequent vaccination 5 years after the previous dose.  
• Who shouldn't have it? Anyone who has ever had a severe (life-threatening) allergic reaction to a previous dose of either meningococcal vaccine should not get another dose. Anyone who has a severe (life threatening) allergy to any vaccine component should not get the vaccine. The meningitis vaccine isn't recommended if you're currently ill. Consult your doctor if you've had Guillain-Barré syndrome.  

Chickenpox⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine if you didn't have it as a child or adolescent, you've never had chickenpox (especially if you live with someone who has a weak immune system), you aren't sure whether you've had chickenpox, or you're considering pregnancy and don't know if you're immune to chickenpox.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the chickenpox vaccine at any time. Get a second dose at least four to eight weeks after the first dose.
• Who shouldn't have it? The chickenpox vaccine isn't recommended if you have a weak immune system, you're currently ill, you had an allergic reaction to gelatin or the antibiotic neomycin, you're pregnant, or you might become pregnant within four weeks of having the vaccine.

Measles, mumps and rubella⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get at least one dose of combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine if you are 18 years of age or older and were born after 1956 and/or never had an MMR vaccination as a child.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the MMR vaccine at any time. Get a second dose four weeks after the first dose if you were recently exposed to measles or an outbreak occurs in your community, you're a health care worker, you were vaccinated with a killed measles vaccine or an unknown type of measles vaccine from 1963 to 1967, you travel frequently, you're a college student, or you had a rubella blood test that shows no immunity.
• Who shouldn't have it? The MMR vaccine isn't recommended if you were born before 1957, you have a weak immune system, you're currently ill, you had an allergic reaction to gelatin or the antibiotic neomycin, you recently had a blood transfusion, you're pregnant, or you might become pregnant within four weeks of having the vaccine.

Human papillomavirus⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine if you're a woman age 26 or younger and you didn't have it as an adolescent. Consider the HPV vaccine if you're a man age 26 or younger. For men, the HPV vaccine helps prevent genital warts and reduces transmission of the virus that can cause cervical cancer in women.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the HPV vaccine at any time. Get a second dose one to two months after the first dose, and a third dose six months after the first dose.
• Who shouldn't have it? The HPV vaccine isn't recommended if you're allergic to yeast or latex, you had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine, you're pregnant, or you're currently ill.

Hepatitis A⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the hepatitis A vaccine if you want to protect yourself from hepatitis A, you have a clotting-factor disorder or chronic liver disease, you're a man who has sex with men, you inject illicit drugs or have sex with someone who does, you're a health care worker who might be exposed to the virus in a lab setting, or you travel to or work in parts of the world where hepatitis A is common.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the hepatitis A vaccine at any time. Get a second dose six to 18 months after the first dose.
• Who shouldn't have it? The hepatitis A vaccine isn't recommended if you had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or you're currently ill.

Hepatitis B⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the hepatitis B vaccine if you want to protect yourself from hepatitis B, you're sexually active but not in a mutually monogamous relationship, you're a man who has sex with men, you have sex with a person infected with hepatitis B, you inject illicit drugs, you're receiving hemodialysis, you're a health care or public safety worker who might be exposed to infected blood or body fluids, you live with someone who has a chronic hepatitis B infection, or you travel to or work in parts of the world where hepatitis B is common.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine at any time. Get a second dose one month after the first dose. Get a third dose at least two months after the second dose and at least four months after the first dose.
• Who shouldn't have it? The hepatitis B vaccine isn't recommended if you're allergic to baker's yeast, you had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine, or you're currently ill.

Herpes zoster (shingles) ⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get the shingles vaccine if you're 50 years and older.
• When to get it? Get one dose of the shingles vaccine at any time.
• Who shouldn't have it? The shingles vaccine isn't recommended if you're pregnant, you're currently ill, you had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin or any other component of the shingles vaccine, you have a weak immune system from HIV/AIDS, you're receiving medical treatments such as steroids, radiation or chemotherapy, or you have a history of bone or lymphatic cancer.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) ⁶ 

• Who needs it? Get one dose of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine if you haven't previously received it and you have certain health conditions — such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, or HIV — or you had your spleen removed.
• When to get it? Get one dose any time.
• Who shouldn't have it? The Hib vaccine isn't recommended if you're currently moderately or severely ill.

Speak with your healthcare provider for more information regarding vaccines and disease prevention. 

High levels of glucose in the blood can damage the feet 

There are two ways that high glucose in the blood from diabetes can cause damage to the feet. The first problem is nerve damage, also called diabetic neuropathy. Damaged nerves can make it difficult to feel pain, heat, cold, or even touch.  This can lead to sores, cuts, and wounds. Germs are fed by high glucose levels, causing infection.² 

The second problem from high glucose in the blood is poor blood flow to the extremities. If blood can’t circulate properly in the feet and legs, the infections from sores and open wounds will have trouble healing. If sores and wounds are not able to heal properly, gangrene can develop. Gangrene involves decay and death of skin tissue, resulting in blackening of the skin and an unpleasant odor. If gangrene is left untreated, complications can result, including scarring, the need for reconstructive surgery, amputation, or even infections that   can spread throughout the body to other organs, which may ultimately be fatal.¹ 

Signs and symptoms 

The following are some common symptoms of foot problems that people with diabetes may experience³: 

- Tingling, burning, or pain in feet
- Unable to feel touch, heat, or cold in feet
- Changes in shape of foot
- Changes in color or temperature of feet
- Hair loss on toes, feet, or lower legs
- Dry or cracked skin on feet
- Thick and yellow toenails
- Fungal infections between toes
- Blisters, sores, ulcers, infected corns, or ingrown toenails

Tips for Healthy Feet 

National Institutes of Health (NIH) offers a guide called Take Care of Your Feet for a Lifetime available in both English and Spanish.  Here are some additional tips to follow⁴:

- Have your feet checked at least four times a year by your healthcare provider and go immediately if you notice anything of concern.
-Wash your feet daily in warm, not hot water. Follow with a moisturizer on the tops and bottoms of feet, but not in between the toes, as this could cause a fungal infection.  
- Visually inspect feet daily, including between the toes for blisters, cracks, and scratches.
- Don’t walk barefoot. Wear comfortable shoes that protect your feet.
- Avoid crossing your legs to prevent circulatory issues.
- Consult with your healthcare provider about an exercise plan.
- Cut toenails straight across without trimming them too short to avoid ingrown toenails.

Additionally, if you or a loved one is having difficulties performing daily personal tasks, such as meeting grooming and hygiene needs, CareFocus Companion Services offers Personal Care Services to assist you. Contact a CareFocus Companion Services office near you for more information.

Additional Resources for Diabetes 

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
1 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3560
Phone: 1–800–860–8747
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: ndic@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov 

National Diabetes Education Program
1 Diabetes Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3560
Phone: 1–800–438–5383
Fax: 703–738–4929
Internet: www.ndep.nih.gov 

American Diabetes Association
1701 North Beauregard Street
Alexandria, VA 22311
Phone: 1–800–DIABETES (342–2383)
Internet: www.diabetes.org 

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International120 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005–4001
Phone: 1–800–533–CURE (2873)
Internet: www.jdrf.org 

Sources: 

1 CDC http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/p0126_diabetes.html 

2 NDIC, NIH  http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/complications_feet/ 

3 CDC http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/tcyd/foot.htm 

4 ADA http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/foot-care.html 

1 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
2 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
3 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
4 http://www.goredforwomen.org/about_heart_disease_and_stroke.aspx
5 http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/About-Stroke_UCM_308529_SubHomePage.jsp
6 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/AboutHeartAttacks/About-Heart-Attacks_UCM_002038_Article.jsp
7 http://www.goredforwomen.org/about_heart_disease_and_stroke.aspx
8 http://www.goredforwomen.org/about_heart_disease_and_stroke.aspx
9 http://www.goredforwomen.org/about_heart_disease_and_stroke.aspx
10 http://www.goredforwomen.org/about_heart_disease_and_stroke.aspx
11 http://www.goredforwomen.org/understand_your_risks.aspx
12 http://www.goredforwomen.org/HeartHealthyInYour50s.aspx#Overview
13 http://www.goredforwomen.org/HeartHealthyInYour60s.aspx
14 http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1196283632507LifestyleHealthier.pdf

Medical Advice Disclaimer The information included in this article is for educational purposes only. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical/dental advice. The reader should always consult his or her healthcare provider to determine the appropriateness of the information for their own situation or if they have any questions regarding a medical/dental health condition or treatment plan.

Believe it or not, poor oral health can lead to more serious health problems down the road. As the Mayo Clinic puts it, “your mouth is a window to your body’s health.” Here are just a few diseases and conditions that can affect oral health:

- Cardiovascular disease – While more research needs to be done to confirm this, there are strong correlations between gum disease and several types of cardiovascular disease, such as heart disease, clogged arteries, and stroke.¹  

- Pregnancy and birth- It is extremely important to take care of your teeth and gums during pregnancy because gum disease is linked to premature birth.¹  

- Diabetes- Not only can poor oral health lead to infections that cause blood sugar to rise, but diabetes can lead to an increased risk of gum disease, cavities, tooth loss, and dry mouth, just to name a few.¹  

- HIV/AIDS- Oral problems, such as ulcers, dry mouth, white spots, and unusual lesions are very common in people with HIV/AIDS.¹  

- Osteoporosis- The first signs of osteoporosis (or loss of bone density) many times show up in your teeth. This can lead to infection, which will cause the jawbone to deteriorate.¹  

- Other conditions- Oral health problems can also be indicators of certain cancers, Sjogren’s syndrome, eating disorders, syphilis, gonorrhea, and substance abuse.¹  

According to the Healthy People 2010 survey, 61 percent of children have had cavities by the time they are 15-years-old, about half of U.S. adults have gingivitis (gum inflammation), and 26 percent of seniors have lost all of their teeth.²  

The news isn’t all bad though. Many Americans do care about their dental health and take proper measures to be proactive about it. Just consider this statistic: approximately two billion dollars is spent annually on toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental floss. Even more interesting, is the fact that in 1996 alone, three million miles of dental floss was purchased by U.S. consumers.³  

To keep your teeth and gums in tip top condition, here are some basic steps to follow:  

1. Brush your teeth and tongue at least twice per day and floss once per day to remove plaque build-up. Ideally, brushing should occur after every meal.⁴  

2. Use toothpastes and mouthwashes containing fluoride to keep tooth enamel strong and to prevent cavities.⁴  

3. Avoid foods containing simple sugars because this increases plaque build-up and leads to tooth decay. If you choose to eat sugary treats, you should brush your teeth as soon as possible.⁴  

4. If you use tobacco products, consider quitting. Tobacco use leads to gum disease and oral cancer.⁴  

5. Schedule routine dental exams as needed, which should include cleanings every six months. ⁴  

6. And one more interesting tip… chew lots of gum. The best types are ones containing Xylitol, a sugar substitute and sugarless cinnamon flavored. The Xylitol will cause you to salivate more, which helps to kill bacteria and bad breath. And cinnamon, unlike other flavors, appears to decrease the bacteria in your mouth.⁵ 

Let’s make 2011 a Healthy, Happy New Year for your mouth! Be sure to work these healthy habits into your daily routine and schedule a visit to the dentist.

If you or a loved one is having difficulties performing daily personal tasks, such as meeting grooming and hygiene needs, CareFocus Companion Services offers Personal Care Services to assist you. Contact a CareFocus Companion Services office near you for more information.

Sources:
1 Mayo Clinic
2 Centers for Disease Control (CDC)- Healthy People 2010 Conference
3 Floss.com
4 WebMD
5 WebMD

Medical/Dental Advice Disclaimer:
The information included in this article is for educational purposes only. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical/dental advice. The reader should always consult his or her healthcare provider to determine the appropriateness of the information for their own situation or if they have any questions regarding a medical/dental health condition or treatment plan.

Here are some warning signs to watch for:

• The upkeep of his or her home isn’t quite what it used to be. Maybe there is a lot of clutter in the yard or inside the home when the place used to be spotless.  
• Unexplained weight loss, spoiled food, or no food in the refrigerator.
• The bills are unpaid, mail is piling up, or the checking account is out of order.
• Poor hygiene or a disheveled appearance, such as uncombed hair, no makeup when she used to never leave the house without it, or beard growth when he used to always shave.
• Incontinence issues.
• Wearing clothing that is not appropriate for the weather or wearing the same clothing day after day.
• Signs of depression.
• Confusion in the kitchen, including piles of dirty dishes in the sink that have been left for long periods of time or burn marks on the bottoms of pots and pans because the stove was never turned off.
• Forgetting to take medication, missing recently made appointments, or not sticking to regular routines, such as church every Sunday or lunch with friends every Wednesday when he or she has followed the same weekly schedule for years.
• Strange behavior, such as signs of paranoia or increased anxiety, mistaking day for night, becoming disoriented in familiar surroundings, or taking extra doses of medication.

Everyone ages differently and has different needs. If you notice anything unusual about your mom or dad this holiday season, you should consult his or her healthcare provider. These behaviors could signal underlying medical problems that could turn more serious if left untreated. On the other hand, these behaviors could also be the result of something preventable, such as the wrong combination of medication that can easily be fixed.

If it is determined that your loved one needs assistance at home, this can be a delicate or uncomfortable matter to discuss. What is comforting to know is that there are many options available to fit your loved one’s unique needs while allowing him or her to remain at home, in familiar surroundings.

To learn more about which types of homecare services are available in your area, you can contact a CareFocus Companion office near you.

Some services differ by location, but CareFocus Companion’s homecare offices are licensed as required by their state and are accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Health Care (ACHC). These services include:

• Companion Care
• Pediatric Care
• Personal Care
• Assistance with Daily Living Activities
• Sitter Services
• Light Housekeeping  

When choosing a home healthcare agency, there are numerous points to consider. CareFocus Companion provides a useful list of resources to help you in this process.

For assistance, contact your local office… 

Diabetes can lead to serious complications and premature death, but because diabetes is a self-managed disease, people with diabetes can take steps to control the disease and lower their risk of complications. Continue reading to see how you can control diabetes and prevent related complications. 

People with diabetes must take responsibility for their day-to-day care. The chances of having diabetes complications can be reduced or delayed significantly by keeping blood glucose (blood sugar), blood pressure, and cholesterol levels (called the ABCs of Diabetes) in the target range.⁴ The National Diabetes Education Program recommends that people with diabetes speak to their health care team about how to manage their ABCs in an effort to help lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other diabetes related complications.   

The ABCs of Diabetes:⁵ 

A is for the A1C Test: The A1C Test shows what your blood glucose has been over the last three months. The A1C goal for most people is below 7. High blood glucose levels can harm your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, feet, and eyes.  

B is for Blood Pressure: A healthy blood pressure goal for most people is 130/80. High blood pressure makes a heart work too hard. It can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.  

C is for Cholesterol: A healthy LDL Cholesterol goal for most people is less than 100 and a healthy HDL cholesterol goal for most people is above 40. LDL or “bad” cholesterol can build up and clog blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke. HDL or “good” cholesterol helps remove cholesterol from blood vessels. 

By controlling your blood sugar levels, blood pressure and cholesterol levels, you will prevent or significantly delay the damage that uncontrolled diabetes causes to your body’s blood vessels.  

You can also lower the chances of having diabetes complications by adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a healthy diet and regular physical activity.  Adopting a healthier lifestyle can not only prevent or control diabetes; it can significantly reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke and osteoporosis, and contribute to your overall well-being and quality of life. 

Eat the Right Foods: A healthy diet is an extremely important part of preventing and treating diabetes. For many seniors, changing a lifetime of eating habits can seem like a daunting task.⁶ At CareFocus Companion, we care about the health and safety of you and your loved ones. We also understand the confusion and concerns that can come along with handling diabetes and beginning a new diet.   

Stay Active:  Studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk of diabetes by 50 percent.⁷ Exercise is very important for people with diabetes. It is good for your heart and lungs, increases energy, helps keep weight down, and insulin working efficiently. Taking part in a regular fitness program has been shown to help reduce blood sugar levels in older people whose levels are high.⁸ (Please consult with your physician prior to beginning any exercise regimen).  

The American Diabetes Association recommends that in order to reach the goals of feeling better, staying active, eating well, and reducing reliance on medication, people with diabetes need to seek support from a team of skilled health care professionals.⁹ For more information on care services that are available to assist you or your loved one with diabetes treatment in your home, CareFocus Companion office today. 

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

¹ http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/whatisosteoporosis
² http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/whatisosteoporosis
³ http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/whatisosteoporosis
⁴ http://www.nof.org/aboutosteoporosis/prevention/healthyliving
⁵ http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/prevention/07.html
⁶ http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/prevention/06.html
⁷ http://www.nj.gov/health/senior/osteo/exercise.shtml
⁸ http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/prevention/10.html
 

¹ www.alz.org 

Early DetectionThere is no sure way to prevent breast cancer, but if found early, the chance of it being a more treatable stage is greater.  Getting regular screening tests is the best way for women to lower their risk of dying from breast cancer.⁵  The American Cancer Society recommends the following guidelines for detecting breast cancer early in women without symptoms⁶:

Mammogram: Women age 40 and older should have a screening mammogram every year and should keep on doing so for as long as they are in good health. While mammograms can miss some cancers, they are still a very good way to find breast cancer.

Clinical breast exam: Women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam (CBE) as part of a regular exam by a health expert, at least every three years. After age 40, women should have a breast exam by a health expert every year. It might be a good idea to have the CBE shortly before the mammogram. You can use the exam to learn what your own breasts look and feel like.

Breast self-exam (BSE): Starting in their 20s, BSE is an option for women. They should be told about the benefits and limitations of BSE. Women should report any changes in how their breasts look or feel to a health expert right away.

Nearly 75 percent of women over 40 years old now receive regular mammograms, the single most effective tool for detecting breast cancer early.⁷   The best way to find breast cancer early is to get screened. Talk to your health care provider about which screening tests are right for you.

Advances in cancer treatment and changes in health care systems have led to shorter hospital stays and an increase in the number of people seeking treatment at home. If you or a loved one is coping with the daily stresses, challenges, physical, and emotional effects of cancer, CareFocus Companion can help. If you feel that receiving care in your home is right for you or your loved one and would like more information on CareFocus Companion’s services, please visit us online at www.CareFocusCompanion.com or call your local office to learn more. 

Getting Involved
Both early detection and better treatment are made possible in part because of wide stream awareness and fundraising programs. In honor of National Breast Cancer Awareness month, the American Cancer Society focuses its attention on breast cancer awareness and fundraising throughout October. The American Cancer Society and other local and national organizations including Susan G. Komen for the Cure® are already gearing up for 2010’s National Breast Cancer Awareness month. To learn more about how you can get involved with these organizations and their efforts to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer, please visit the online resources listed below:

The American Cancer Society: The American Cancer Society saves lives by helping people stay well and get well, by finding cures, and by fighting back. Click on the links below to learn more about how, together with their supporters, the American Cancer Society raises funds and awareness.

Donate 

Participate in an Event 

Volunteer to Help 

Help Pass Laws to Defeat Cancer 

Send an E-Card 

The American Cancer Society Making Strides Against Breast Cancer Walk: Making Strides walks are non-competitive and three to five miles in length. Since 1993, nearly six million walkers have raised more than $400 million. In 2009 alone, nearly 700,000 walkers across the country collected $60 million to save lives from breast cancer.⁸   Making Strides is a celebration of survivorship, an occasion to express hope, and a shared goal to end a disease that threatens the lives of so many people we love. Together, we can enjoy an incredible experience and take pride in helping the American Cancer Society ensure that no one faces breast cancer alone.

Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure®: Susan G. Komen for the Cure® strives to raise funds and educate people in the battle against breast cancer through global events and legislative actions each year. The Komen Race for the Cure Series raises significant funds and awareness for the fight against breast cancer, celebrates breast cancer survivorship, and honors those who have lost their battle with the disease.⁹ 

***

¹http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/OverviewGuide/breast-cancer-overview-key-statistics
²http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/FAQ.html
³http://www.cancer.org/AboutUs/WhoWeAre/index
⁴http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/OverviewGuide/breast-cancer-overview-key-statistics
⁵http://ww5.komen.org/breastcancer/earlydetectionampscreening.html
⁶http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/OverviewGuide/breast-cancer-overview-diagnosed
⁷http://ww5.komen.org/AboutUs/OurWork.html
⁸http://makingstrides.acsevents.org/site/PageServer?pagename=MSABC_FY11_reus_learnmore
⁹http://ww5.komen.org/findarace.aspx 

As a caregiver, it is important to know the facts about flu and how you can protect those around you.

Flu season usually begins in November and lasts until April. The optimal time to receive a flu shot is at the start of flu season, between October and November.

The strains of influenza are different each flu season, which is why it is important to receive a flu shot every year. The influenza vaccine works by exposing your body to the influenza virus so that your body can build up antibodies to the virus, which will protect you from getting the flu.

Now for the good news…

This year’s seasonal influenza vaccine contains the H1N1 strain. This eliminates the need for a second immunization to receive complete protection and makes it easier for children and adults to stay protected. This also addresses concerns that a substantial proportion of young adults may be susceptible to H1N1-like viruses that continue to circulate. There is very little difference between H1N1 and other seasonal flu strains.

The CDC has updated its flu recommendations for the 2010-2011 flu season.¹   Everyone six months and older is recommended to be vaccinated against the flu. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the change based on evidence that yearly flu shots are a safe and effective preventive health action with potential benefit in all age groups.

Groups that are highly recommended to receive the flu shot are those who want to reduce the risk of contracting the flu, people at high risk of having serious complications from influenza, and people who live with or care for those at high risk for complications from flu.

High-Risk Groups

Children aged six months - 18 years old
Each year, approximately 20,000 children are hospitalized due to flu-related complications, such as pneumonia. In the 2007-2008 flu season, 86 children died of complications from the flu. Children under five years old are particularly vulnerable. The best way to prevent your child from getting the flu is to have them receive the flu vaccine.² For any child under nine years who is receiving the vaccine for the first time, two doses are required one month apart from each other. Since the flu vaccine has not been approved for infants under six months, the best way to protect them is to make sure everyone in your household above six months gets a flu shot.

Pregnant women
Pregnant women are at a high risk for getting the flu, as well as several complications that may accompany it, such as pneumonia and respiratory distress. This can, in turn, cause miscarriage and premature labor. Getting a flu shot is a good way to prevent these problems.

Chronic medical conditions
People with chronic medical issues such as, asthma or another lung disease, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, blood disease, etc. can be especially vulnerable to contracting influenza, as well as complications from the flu, such as pneumonia.  People with immune system problems caused either by disease (e.g., HIV or lymphoma) or by medication (e.g., chemotherapy or radiation therapy) are also strongly urged to get a flu shot.

Other groups that are at high risk for influenza are residents of nursing homes and other long term care facilities, as well as, people 65 years of age and older.

To find out more about the flu and other helpful resources, please visit info.FindAFluShot.com.

Flu Clinics for the 2010-2011 season open October 1, 2010. Find a flu clinic near you.
***
¹ CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm.
² CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr59e0729a1.htm?s_cid=rr59e0729a1_w.

CareFocus Companion Services understands that the decision to use outside help to care for a loved one can be difficult and confusing at times. We invite you to use the following resources to help you in your decision making process:
• How to Pick a Homecare Agency
• Getting Started: Evaluating Your Loved One's Needs
• Planning for Long-Term Care 

If you feel that non-medical homecare is right for your loved one and would like more information on CareFocus Companion’s services, please visit us online at www.CareFocusCompanion.com or call your local office to learn more.  If your loved one's in-home care requires medical attention, Maxim Healthcare Services can help. 

¹http://www.workingcaregiver.com/articles/senior-living-options/seniors-age-at-home
²http://www.seniorcaremarketer.com/seniorcare_statistics.htm 

To raise awareness about immunizations against preventable diseases, August is recognized as National Immunization Awareness Month (NIAM). Immunization is important because it protects individuals, their family and friends, and the greater community from serious, life-threatening infections. Being aware of the vaccines that are recommended for infants, children, adolescents, adults, and seniors is vital to protection from preventable disease. Most vaccines are given during the first six years of life because children are particularly vulnerable to infection. However, there are certain immunizations that are recommended for adults. Recommended vaccination schedules for children and adults are available on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

One of the most important immunizations for all age groups to receive is a flu shot. Influenza season begins in September and there are several changes to the official recommendations for 2010. The CDC now recommends that all people age 6 months and older be immunized against the flu.²  This year’s vaccine includes immunization against both the seasonal and H1N1 flu viruses.  Having just one shot for both flu strains will make it easier for children and adults to stay protected.  For more flu resources including recommendations, news resources, and clinic locations, please visit Maxim’s Flu Resource Center.

International travelers are also susceptible to infectious diseases. Before embarking on an international trip, it is imperative to check the list of recommended vaccinations. The CDC website has a global list of required, recommended, and routine vaccinations. To ensure your necessary immunizations are up to date, it is best to contact your healthcare provider or local health department.

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice. When If you would like to learn more about immunization programs or find a location near you to receive a vaccination for an upcoming trip, go to the Maxim Immunization Centers website. Where differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

¹ WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/news/20090724/us-adults-dying-of-preventable-diseases.
²  CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r100224.htm.

 

Respite care is a critical part of the overall support that families may need to keep their child, parent, or loved one with a disability or chronic illness at home. Respite care comes in many forms; however, it is essentially sharing the responsibility for caregiving while also getting support for yourself in the process. As the name implies, it provides short term breaks or periods of ‘respite’ from your daily responsibilities that help to relieve stress, restore energy, and promote balance in your life.

Respite services are typically offered through community organizations, homecare agencies, such as CareFocus Companion Services, or residential care facilities. The most common respite care services are in-home care and adult or child day centers. Some of the services that are typically offered in our out-of-home include:

In-home respite

•     Informal family support and relief

•     Online caregiver communities and video workshops

•     Volunteer or paid companionship

•     Personal care or skilled health assistance

•     Homemaker services to help with laundry, shopping, and preparing meals

Out-of-home respite

•     Adult or child day programs

•     Residential respite care

•     Caregiver support groups

•     Caregiver retreats or respite camps

Regardless of the type of respite program you choose, the emphasis should be on gearing services toward the specific needs of your loved one. Assessing your loved one and family’s needs for the type, skills, frequency, and location of respite services is critical to your success.  CareFocus Companion Services offers checklists and resources that can assist you in this process. While finding and successfully implementing respite care may seem like a lot of work, relief is not just important for you, it benefits all involved in the caregiving process.

For additional resources and information regarding respite care, you may want to contact state or local government agencies such as the State Department of Mental Retardation, Departments of Health and Human Services, or Social Services. You may also find disability or support groups such as The Arc, Autism Society of America , your local Area Agency on Aging , or the Brain Injury Association of America to be helpful in your search as well.

Respite care is not a luxury. It is necessary for the well-being of both you and your loved one. Contact your local CareFocus Companion office today to learn more.

Sources used:

http://helpguide.org/elder/respite_care.htm 

http://www.autism-pdd.net/respite.html 

http://www.alz.org/living_with_alzheimers_respite_care.asp 

http://www.caring.com 

1 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sunscreen/sn00044  

2 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/prevention.htm  

3 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/prevention.htm#1  

4 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/prevention.htm#1  

5 http://www.skincancer.org/Sunscreens-Explained.html  

6 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/prevention.htm#1  

7 http://www.skincancer.org/sun-protective-clothing.html  

8http://preferhome.com/seniors-and-sun-safety/ 

¹http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions/articles/harvard_103_A_aarp0408.html
²http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions/articles/harvard_103_A_aarp0408.html
³http://www.everydayhealth.com/arthritis/arthritis-awareness.aspx

Addl sources used but not cited:
http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/
http://www.arthritis.org
http://www.fightarthritispain.org/index.asp?L1=6&L2=28 

The CDC recommends four simple steps to prevent falls in the home: exercise regularly, review medications with your healthcare provider, have your vision checked, and make your home safer. 

Exercise Regularly.  AARP President, Jennie Chin Hansen was quoted in an AARP Bulletin Today article written by Cathie Gandel, saying that “studies show that exercise and activity, specifically those that help in strengthening, flexibility, and balance, can make a significant difference in minimizing one’s chance of falling”.³ Exercises that help improve overall strength, flexibility, and balance include walking, water workouts, and tai chi. Before beginning any new exercise program, you should always consult with your physician. He or she will be able to give you a personalized exercise program or even refer you to a physical therapist to help improve balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and gait. 

Review Medications with Your Healthcare Provider.  According to the CDC, approximately 1,800 people living in nursing homes die from falls each year. The CDC goes on to say: “Medications can increase the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. Drugs that affect the central nervous system, such as sedatives and anti-anxiety drugs are of particular concern.”⁴ 

To prevent your loved one from falling, make an appointment with his/her doctor in order to come up with a fall-prevention strategy. The Mayo Clinic advises the following actions:

1. Bring all medications in their original containers or a list of them, including dosages and times. The doctor may decide to wean the patient off of certain medications, particularly if they are for the treatment of anxiety or insomnia.
2. Compile a list with your loved one of any falls or near-falls, including time, date, and what caused the fall and bring this to the doctor.
3. Encourage conversation between the doctor and your loved one about any dizziness, joint or muscle pain, eye or ear problems, numbness, or shortness of breath that he or she may be experiencing.⁵ 

Also, be sure to check out our Guide to Proper Medication Use and Storage.

Have Your Vision Checked. As we age, we are more susceptible to vision loss, glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. These problems can contribute to falls by causing blind spots, loss of depth perception, and the ability to maintain balance. If your loved one is showing any signs of poor vision, such as hesitating when reaching for objects, frequently stumbling, having trouble writing, or having difficulty recognizing colors, then encourage him or her to go with you to an optometrist or ophthalmologist so that any problems can be diagnosed and prescription glasses or contact lenses can be properly updated.⁶ 

Make Your Home Safer.  The Home Safety Council has a fun, interactive tool available on their website where you can take a tour of a virtual home and learn about potential safety hazards and how to protect your home from them. As the virtual tour points out, there are plenty of features that all homes should have, as well as age-specific ways to safety-proof your home for your loved ones.

For seniors: 

• Make sure rugs and shower mats are non-skid and that the corners will not easily be overturned.
• Install grab bars in the shower, tub, and around the toilet.
• Place nightlights around the bedroom, bathroom, and hallway.
• Install lights at the top and bottom of the stairs and make sure the stairs are clear with handrails on both sides. The same applies outside with walkways and steps.

For young children: 

• Install window guards on all upper floor windows.
• Place safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs.

At CareFocus Companion Services, we care about the health and safety of you and your loved ones, and we want you to be secure in your home. For further tips on safety-proofing your home and to download our checklist, click here.

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

AtCarefocus Companion Services, we understand the importance of providing care and support for your loved ones. As a senior, or someone who helps care for them, it is important to educate yourself on the proper use and storage of medication, as well as understanding different drug interactions that may occur.  

Recent studies show that nearly two-thirds of all visits to the doctor's office end with a prescription for medication.² Knowing this, it is important to understand that as we age, and our bodies change, it can affect the way medicines are absorbed and used. For example, changes in the digestive system can affect how fast medicines enter the bloodstream. Changes in body weight can influence the amount of medicine you need to take and how long it stays in your body. The circulatory system may slow down, which can affect how fast drugs get to the liver and kidneys. The liver and kidneys also may work more slowly, affecting the way a drug breaks down and is removed from the body. Because of these body changes, there is also a bigger risk of drug interactions among older adults. The four different types of drug interactions are listed below.  

• Drug-drug interactions happen when two or more medicines, including other prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and nutritional supplements, react with each other to cause unwanted effects, including making one of the medicines not work as well as it should or even making a medicine stronger than it should be.
• Drug condition interactions happen when a pre-existing medical condition makes certain drugs potentially harmful.
• Drug-food interactions result from drugs reacting with foods or drinks. In some cases, food in the digestive tract can affect how a drug is absorbed. Some medicines also may affect the way nutrients are absorbed or used in the body.
• Drug-alcohol interactions can happen when the medicine reacts with an alcoholic drink. Mixing alcohol with some medicines may cause tiredness and slowed reactions. 

Asking the Right Questions 

It is important to ask the right questions when beginning any new medication especially if you or your loved one is over the age of 65. Always ask the Physician to clarify when you don't know the meaning of a word or when instructions aren't clear. Below is a list of specific questions to use when a Physician prescribes a new medication for you or a loved one.   

Important Questions to Ask: 

• What is the name of the medicine and why am I taking it?
• What is the name of the condition this medicine will treat?
• How long will it take to work?
• How should I store the medication? Does it need to be refrigerated?
• Can the pharmacist substitute a less expensive, generic form of the medicine?
• When should I take it? As needed, or on a schedule? Before, with, or between meals? At bedtime?
• How often should I take it?
• How long will I have to take it?
• How will I feel once I start taking this medicine?
• How will I know if this medicine is working?
• If I forget to take it, what should I do?
• What side effects might I expect? Should I report them?
• Can this medicine interact with other prescription and over-the-counter medicines that I am currently taking? 

For more information or recommendations on how to ensure safe medication usage for you and your loved ones, download a copy of CareFocus Companion’s Guide to Proper Medication Use and Storage from the resource section at www.CareFocusCompanion.com. 

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical or nutritional advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions. 

Sources: 

http://www.fda.gov  

http://nihseniorhealth.gov   

What is autism? 

Autism is a developmental disability that is caused by a problem in the brain. It typically appears during the first three years of a child’s life and affects the ability to communicate and interact with others. Both children and adults with autism typically show difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities. There is no known single cause for autism, and there is no recognized cure.

The average age a child is diagnosed with autism is 4 1/2.²  By noticing the developmental signs before age 3, there is a better opportunity to dramatically reduce the symptoms of ASD. Since young brains are usually more flexible, they have a better chance to make progress through early intervention, which decreases the need for intensive supports at an older age.³ 

What can I do? 

Paying attention to your child’s developmental progress from birth to age 3 is the best way to catch autism in its earliest stages. If you’re concerned at all with the way your child plays, learns, speaks, or acts, talk to your child’s doctor today.  Here are a few milestones you can use to track your child’s progress. For a complete list, please visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site.

3 months• Enjoys playing with other people and may cry when playing stops
• Opens and shuts hands
• Watches faces intently
• Begins to babble

7 months• Enjoys social play
• Reaches with one hand
• Ability to track moving objects improves
• Responds to own name

1 year• Cries when mother or father leaves
• Crawls forward on belly
• Responds to “no”
• Imitates gestures

2 years• Begins to run
• Scribbles on his or her own
• Follows simple instructions
• Begins to sort by shapes and color

3 years
• Runs easily
• Turns book one page at a time
• Understands most sentences
• Expresses affection openly

Remember, these are just general timelines; all children grow and develop at their own pace, and a healthy child may achieve a milestone later than average. If you have concerns or feel that your child might have a developmental delay, trust your instincts. Contact your doctor or healthcare provider and ask for a referral to a specialist who can do a more in-depth evaluation of your child.

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions.

Sources:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/index.html 

http://www.autism-society.org 

[1] CDC. http://cdc.gov/ncbddd/features/counting-autism.html 

[2] CDC. http://cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/index.html  

[3] Autism Society. http://www.autism-society.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_FAQ 

The Facts: 

Of the 1.4 million who sustain a TBI each year in the United States¹:
- 50,000 die
- 235,000 are hospitalized
- 1.1 million are treated and released from an emergency department

The leading causes of TBI are²:
-Falls  (28%)
- Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (20%)
- Struck by/against events (19%)
- Assaults (11%) 

People 75 years of age and older have the highest rates of TBI-related hospitalizations and death³ 

Family members and other caregivers of older adults can help protect their loved ones’ health and independence by:
- Reducing their risk for falls
- Recognizing signs of TBI after a fall occurs
- Taking appropriate steps when signs of TBI are observed 

Seek medical attention immediately- a healthcare professional will be able to determine how serious the injury is and the level of necessary care 

If you or a loved one is faced with a longer term disability as a result of a traumatic brain injury, CareFocus Companion Services can help. Contact your local CareFocus Companion Services office today to learn more.

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions.
 

- Set aside a specific time every day for exercise.
- Be consistent.  To get benefits from any exercise program, do it regularly.
- Warm up and cool down; stretch both before and after you exercise.
- Start with as little as 10 minutes of exercise a day and increase gradually to 30 minutes for maximum benefits.

CareFocus Companion Services understands the stress that caregivers face and realizes that sticking to a healthy diet and exercise program is tough for anyone, especially caregivers.  Below is a list of resources you can use to help keep you focused on the basics of healthy nutrition and physical activity:

- Download one of our free Healthy Eating Flyers to learn more about basic healthy diets, helpful tips, and how to stay on track.  
- Use the ADA’s Good Nutrition Reading List to find helpful books, newsletters, and Web sites about healthy diet and physical activity.
- Use the MyPyramid Menu Planner on the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) website to help plan healthy meals.
- Download one of ADA’s educational handouts to learn practical food and nutrition guidance.

The information contained within this article is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice and consultation. When differences exist between the information here and information given to you by your healthcare provider(s), you should follow the advice of your healthcare provider(s). Any additional information or clarification needed should be sought from the Physician, Practitioner, Speech Pathologist, or Nutritionist who is familiar with the individual’s health and medical conditions.
 

There are some simple steps that you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from the flu. While it may appear that the worst is behind us, it is important to keep yourself informed and plan ahead for the 2010-2011 flu season.

1. Getting a flu shot is the single most effective way to prevent the flu. On average, the flu vaccine reduces the risk of death by fifty percent within the senior population. Medicare will pay for the shot, and so will many private health insurance plans. Each year, Maxim Health Systems provides flu clinics nationwide. Don’t forget to get your flu-shot early next year- schedule a reminder now!
2. Keep in mind that even if you received a flu shot this year, you will still need to receive another one next year to remain protected.  Each year the flu strain changes and your body slowly loses its immunity to the flu.
3. Keep yourself informed- go to info.findaflushot.com or h1n1.findaflushot.com for the most up to date information.  You can also receive the latest flu news directly in your e-mail inbox, sign-up for flu updates today!
4. Good health habits like covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze and washing your hands often can also help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like the flu.
5. Remember to wash your hands frequently when you are around someone who is sick and make a point of washing them before eating and touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.
6. If you can, avoid close contact with people who are sick. When you are not feeling well, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too.This will help stop the flu from spreading.

Still have questions about the flu and the flu vaccine?  Go to info.findaflushot.com to learn more.

What is cardiovascular disease?Cardiovascular disorders are diseases that can affect your heart, blood vessels, and arteries, and are the number one killer of both men and women in all racial and ethnic groups worldwide.   Cardiovascular disorders include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, chest pain, and rheumatic heart disease.  They will often go untreated because they do not always have obvious symptoms.  When left untreated, cardiovascular disorders can lead to even more serious health issues, including heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage.  

At CareFocus Companion Services, we understand the obstacles that can arise when dealing with cardiovascular disorders.  Whether you or a loved one was born with a cardiovascular condition or diagnosed with one later in life, CareFocus Companion Services can help. 

How can you prevent cardiovascular disease?
While certain risk factors cannot be changed, it is important to realize that you do have control over many others. Regardless of your age, background, or health status, you can lower your risk of heart disease. Below is a list of small changes, as recommended by the American Heart Association that can reduce all of the modifiable risk factors for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.   

The ABCs of Preventing Heart Disease, Stroke, and Heart Attack: 

• Avoid Tobacco. Cigarette smoking accounts for nearly 440,000 deaths each year, of which, more than 135,000 are due to smoking related cardiovascular diseases.  Everyone knows it’s hard, but if you or a loved one smokes, choosing to quit today is one of the best decisions you can make for your future health and well-being.

• Be More Active.  Research has shown that getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity on five or more days of the week can help lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and keep your weight at a healthy level.

• Choose Good Nutrition.  A healthy diet is one of the best weapons you have to fight cardiovascular disease. The type and amount of food you eat can affect other controllable risk factors, including, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and weight.

To help keep you motivated to stay on track in your efforts to live a healthy life and reduce the risk of developing a cardiovascular disorder, CareFocus Companion Services has compiled a list of fun and helpful online resources:

• Download our free Healthy Eating Checklist to learn the importance of a healthy diet.  
• Take one of the Healthy Heart Quizzes provided by the American Heart Association to test your health knowledge. 
• Use the American Heart Association’s Cost of Smoking Calculator to find out just how much money you spend on cigarettes. 
• Find tools to help you quit smoking on smokefree.gov
• Print the Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cardiovascular Disease as prepared by EverydayHealth.com and take them with you to your next doctor’s appointment.

How can you support American Heart Month?There are many ways for you to support American Heart Month this February. If you’d like to participate in a fund-raising event, visit the American Heart Association’s website to find local and national fundraising events. 

If you or someone you love has been affected by a cardiovascular disorder, contact CareFocus Companion Services today to learn more about how we can help with activities of daily living and in-home nursing needs. 

At CareFocus Companion Services, we care about the health and well being of you and your loved ones.  We also understand that keeping New Year’s resolutions is hard to do without support and encouragement.  Make this year the year you make good on your New Year's resolutions.

Take Time For Yourself
About one in three adults in the United States cares for a loved one who is elderly, sick, or has special needs. More often than not, caregivers are raising families and working outside the home in addition to caring for their loved one-   placing everyone else’s needs ahead of their own.   As a caregiver, it is important to not lose yourself in your efforts to care for your loved ones.  If you take time for yourself, you may actually be helping those you care for by ensuring your own mental and physical health.  By focusing on you, you will stay healthier, feel better about yourself, and have more energy and enthusiasm to keep giving care.  Below are a few ways you can take time out of your busy schedule to focus on yourself.

• Take a few minutes to listen to your favorite song, sip a hot cup of tea, take a bath, or work on a project in the garage.
• Take a long walk around your neighborhood or a local park.
• Turn off the phone and allow your voicemail to pick up your calls.
• Play solitaire, whether it’s on the computer or with a real deck of cards.

Get The Facts
Before starting any new diet or exercise program it is important to consult your physician to make sure you’re taking the right actions.  Take time to learn more about the basics of exercise and weight loss to help you set up a more effective program. CareFocus Companion Services understands the confusion and concerns that can come along with beginning a new diet or exercise program and offers a variety of resources and tips to help you learn the basics and keep you focused on your resolution.

Prepare Yourself For Success
Experts say, having support from others, making and sticking to a plan, and setting reasonable goals are all keys in making New Year's resolutions stick.   Everyone knows change is hard and that it's often the best possible thing you can do for yourself, but trying to change too many aspects of your life at once can be very stressful and can undo the good effect it was intended to have. This year, resolve to think small.  By setting smaller, more manageable, goals for yourself throughout the year your chances of succeeding will be greater. Sometimes just being aware of your goals will help your friends and family support you as you work towards you goal.  Below are a few tips to help you stay focused on your 2010 New Year’s resolutions. 

• Make a list of what you want to accomplish each day. Having specific daily goals instead of just relying on one long-term goal will help you stay focused. 
• Reward yourself. After setting and meeting your daily goals, plan a little something nice for yourself. Having something to look forward to always makes it easier to do the hard things.
• Create accountability. Find someone in your circle of family or friends to whom you can be accountable and make periodic reports on your progress.  This is a great way to involve your friends and family in your journey.
• Get professional assistance. Everyone needs help and sometimes a friend just isn't enough. Sometimes you need the help of a trained professional. Don't feel that seeking help is a weakness, especially when it comes to your mental and physical wellbeing. 

If you think you could use some assistance in caring for a loved one or family member in the home, contact CareFocus Companion Services today for a free assessment.

As we pay tribute to these unsung heroes, consider the following facts :
• More than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day.
• The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O.
• More than one million new people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily, during their chemotherapy treatment.
• A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 pints of blood.
• Only 38% of the American population is eligible to give blood, and of those, only 8% do.

If you or your loved ones have not donated blood recently, make it one of your resolutions for 2010 to become a regular donor. Donating blood is a safe, simple, four-step process, consisting of registration, medical history and mini-physical, donation, and refreshments. Some simple ways in which you can join CareFocus Companion Services in celebrating National Blood Donor Month include:

• Donate blood and encourage others to do the same.
• Talk to your loved ones about the ways that donating blood helps others.
• Volunteer at a local blood drive.
• Visit the American Red Cross’s Web site to:
- Read donor stories
- See the impact your own donation could make
- Play fun games
- And more! 

By donating blood regularly, you not only make a vital contribution to your local community’s blood supply, but you can also help save a life.

At CareFocus Companion Services, we care about the health and safety of you and your loved ones.  We also understand that winter brings with it increased concerns and dangers. 

Safety FirstWith cold weather comes ice and snow, increasing your loved one's chance of falling. To avoid slips and falls, make sure boots are non-skid, and if your loved one uses a cane, be sure to replace the rubber tip before it is worn smooth or it will become slippery, especially when wet.  Use rock salt, sand, or another chemical de-icing compound to keep steps, walkways, and driveways free of ice. 

Outdoor winter tasks, such as shoveling snow, require more energy than many seniors think, especially because cold weather puts an added strain on the back and heart.  Because of the added risks shoveling snow presents, it is not recommended that older adults take this task on themselves.  You should encourage your loved one to let you help, by either shoveling the snow yourself or hiring someone who can. 

If you take on the task of shoveling the snow yourself, stretching beforehand, taking frequent breaks, and using proper form are essential to preventing injuries from occurring.  Below are a few tips help prevent injury while shoveling snow:

- Pace yourself by taking frequent breaks to stretch your back, arms, and legs

- Push the snow, do not lift it

- Shovel safely by gripping the shovel with your hands at least 12 inches apart, slightly bend your legs at the knee, keep your back straight, and do not bend at the waist; this will reduce strain on the heart and back

- Use a shovel with a small scoop and keep loads light and small

Winter weather also presents added risks within the home.  Because of increased use of fuel-burning heaters and the fact that seniors’ bodies can’t eliminate carbon monoxide as quickly as younger adults, it is important to make sure that all smoke and carbon monoxide detectors work in the home.   

Keeping WarmExposure to cold temperatures can cause serious or life-threatening health problems.  As people age, the ability to feel a change in temperature decreases, making it extremely important for seniors to dress in layers, both indoors and outside. 

When outdoors, make sure your loved one covers all exposed skin including the head, face, ears, hands, and feet.  Mittens are a good alternative to gloves because they allow the fingers to touch which generates warmth.  It is important to make sure that when headed outside, clothes are loose fitting; tight clothing can keep blood from flowing freely and lead to loss of body heat.  By wearing several layers of loose clothing, the warm air gets trapped between each layer, keeping the entire body warmer. 

When inside, take extra care when using fireplaces, wood stoves, candles, and space heaters as they can cause fires and fill your loved one’s home with smoke or carbon monoxide. To conserve interior heat keep windows and doors closed, this includes the doors to other rooms in the house not being used.  You can also seal windows and doors by placing towels along the cracks and openings, preventing drafts and keeping the warm air inside. 

Eating Right
Eating well-balanced meals and avoiding alcoholic and caffeinated beverages will help your loved one stay warmer this winter.  Caffeine and alcohol cause the body to lose heat more rapidly than other beverages. Instead, you can offer warm, sweet beverages or broth to help maintain body temperature. 

Other good meal choices are vegetable-laden stews and soups made with reduced sodium broths.  Soups will not only warm your loved one up on a cold day, but they also provide the body with beneficial nutrients.

It is also important to make sure your loved one is drinking at least six to eight glasses of liquid a day, especially in dry cold weather, to avoid dehydration. Drinking plenty of water can also help prevent dry skin problems.

If you think a family member may be in need of homecare or caregiving services this winter season, contact CareFocus Companion Services today for a free assessment.

Because you can’t avoid stress completely, CareFocus Companion Services encourages you to remember to pay special attention to your health and safety during this time of year. Follow these tips to provide relief and help ensure a safe and happy holiday season.  

Practice time managementPlan ahead and set reasonable expectations. Be realistic about what you can do and expect from the busy holiday season. Allow enough time for shopping and running errands. Planning smaller, more manageable trips can help prevent you from becoming overwhelmed and allows you to maintain a healthy work, home, and social life.

Travel safelyBe a smart holiday host or guest. Whether you are traveling across town or to another state, take measures to ensure your trip is safe. Always follow the laws of your state as well as those in which you plan to travel. When driving to your destination, wear seat belts, follow the posted speed limits, and be well-rested, alert, and aware of other drivers on the road.

Drink responsiblyBe sensible about alcoholic drinks. Individuals often leave holiday parties intoxicated and become a danger to others on the road. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), more than 1,000 people die every year from Thanksgiving to New Year's Day in car crashes related to drunk driving incidents. About three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their lives[1].  This holiday season, don’t drink and drive. There is no reason for you or a loved one to drive while under the influence.  Plan ahead. Designate a driver for the evening, if possible, spend the night where you are, or call a cab to help you arrive home safely.

Eat healthy, and be activeWith balance and moderation, the holidays can be enjoyed in a healthy manner without over-indulging. Eat a healthy snack to help control your appetite before going to a holiday gathering and never starve yourself the day of a big party or meal. Find the time to stick to an exercise and activity routine. Staying active can help reduce stress and bolster your immune system.

Prevent injuriesInjuries from falls and fires often occur around the holidays. When hanging holiday lights and decorations, use step stools instead of furniture, and have someone spot you during the process. Keep lighted candles away from flammable items such as trees, boughs, and curtains. Never leave fireplaces, stoves, or candles unattended, and keep a fire extinguisher handy should an incident occur.

Stay warmCold temperatures during the winter months can cause serious health problems, particularly in infants, individuals with compromised immune systems, and older adults. Stay dry and dress warmly in several thin layers of loose-fitting, tightly woven clothing. Keeping a fleece blanket or throw handy to cover your feet or shoulders can also be particularly useful in keeping you warm.

Remember your aging loved onesThe holidays can be unusually stressful for the elderly. If there has been a death in the family, serious illness, or concerns about aging, the holidays can often magnify feelings of isolation, loss, and loneliness. Be supportive and caring during this time. Involving your elderly loved ones in holiday preparations reminds them how important they are to you and your family during the holiday season.

Most importantly, take a moment to appreciate all that you have this holiday season. Celebrate the moment, and ring in the New Year with friends and family by your side. CareFocus Companion Services wishes you and your loved ones a safe, happy, and healthy holiday season and a wonderful New Year!

CareFocus Companion Services encourages healthy living by offering the following advice, tips and resources: 

Why You Should Quit Now –– According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tobacco use causes more than five million deaths per year worldwide. In addition, on average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers; cigarette smoking is the single, largest, and most preventable cause of disease and premature death in America; and for every one person who dies from a smoking-related disease, twenty more people suffer with at least one serious illness from smoking.

Reasons to Quit –– A CDC survey from 2007 revealed that approximately 40 percent of smokers try to quit each year, but don’t succeed because nicotine is so addictive. Secondhand smoke is a major problem, too, which results in an estimated 35,000 deaths from heart disease in non-smokers who live with smokers. 

Over time, the health benefits of quitting, as compiled by the American Cancer Society and US Surgeon General Reports, are quite remarkable:
– 20 minutes after quitting: Your heart rate and blood pressure drop.
– 12 hours after quitting: The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal.
– 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: Your circulation improves and your lung function increases.
– 1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing and shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair-like structures that move mucus out of the lungs) regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce the risk of infection.
– 1 year after quitting: The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker's.
– 5 to 15 years after quitting: Your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker.

Free Resources To Help –– Quitting is difficult to do, so the people behind the Great American Smokeout Challenge recommend that you don’t do it alone. Anyone planning to quit can call the American Cancer Society’s Quitline® at 1-800-227-2345 and speak with a trained counselor. During that call, you can receive free confidential counseling and hints about how to cut back to eventually quit.

Tips on Quitting ––  Maybe you or your loved one has tried to quit smoking. That’s why quitting smoking permanently is so difficult for so many people. Because this is the 33^rd annual Great American Smokeout Challenge, the American Cancer Society has compiled many ways to help you quit.
– Plan the day you’re going to give up smoking, your Quit Day, within the next month
– Choose a Quit Plan
– Begin dealing with both physical and psychological withdrawals
– Stay quit, this means not even one puff. And avoid alcohol which tends to lower your chance of success

The Smokeout Challenge Website has additional tools and tips to help you quit smoking.

Products To Help You Quit –– Some products that people have used to help them quit include smoking-cessation patches, nicotine gum and lozenges, pills, and other staged products that gradually reduce the amount of nicotine in your system, making it easier to withdraw from the nicotine addiction. It’s important to remember to consult with your Physician for the specific treatment that may be right for you.

If you or your loved one is a smoker that wants to stay healthy and maintain optimum health throughout the year, take advantage of over three decades of success by joining the Great American Smokeout Challenge.  For more information call 1-800-227-2345 or visit their Web site.

Home Health Care and Hospice Care Defined 

While home healthcare is generally regarded as the most viable solution for providing long-term care to this country’s growing elderly population, hospice provides comfort, compassion, and end-of-life support to patients and their families in the comfort of their home. Patients are usually referred to hospice care when they are in the last phase of an illness so that they may live as fully and as comfortably as possible. Hospice care can continue longer than six months if needed, but requires Physician certification.

How Home Care and Hospice Care Differ 

What homecare includes. Homecare includes an extensive list of services to attend to multiple needs for both adults and children. It classically starts with a nurse assessing the patient’s physical and psychosocial needs, consulting with appropriate healthcare team members and family, initiating physician orders and evaluating patient response to treatment. The patient is then periodically reassessed by clinical management to gauge needed changes, if necessary, to the plan of care.

Additionally, homecare encompasses providing and monitoring for a safe, comfortable, and therapeutic environment for the patient; initiating and evaluating patient and/or family education to make sure everyone understands the plan of care; and documenting the patient’s response to nursing and other interventions.

Learn more about the types of homecare and companion services CareFocus Companion Services provides.

What hospice care includes. Hospice recognizes dying as a natural part of the living process and focuses on maintaining the quality of remaining life, while also addressing the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of both the patient and the family. Hospice care includes the activities listed above for home care, as well as administering morphine or other medications for optimum patient pain management by a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Registered Nurse (RN); coordinating patient care by utilizing critical thinking and performance ability; and being accountable to the family in managing patient care.

Want To Know More?Hospice and homecare nurses are truly heroes because of their daily outpouring of compassionate care to patients and families during their most difficult times, including the final stages of life.

If you or one of your loved ones should be in need of homecare or hospice care, contact your local CareFocus Companion Services office for more information. Please note that hospice care is only offered in select offices.

But what kinds of services can be provided? Why might someone need this type of care? And how does this additional service from CareFocus Companion Services help attend to someone’s needs?

Companion Care Offers:
Some of the services you should look for in an in-home companion care provider may include:

• Offering a continuum of care to someone with a physically limiting injury such as a broken bone, someone recovering from a stroke or heart attack, an aging parent, a new parent with an infant, someone with Alzheimer’s or dementia, or anyone transitioning from a hospital or medical facility to their home.

• Assisting around the house by preparing meals and cleaning up, feeding loved ones, performing light housekeeping, entertaining loved ones by playing games, feeding and caring for pets, sorting through mail, etc.

• Providing reminder services for things like medications, doctor appointments, important dates, and daily therapy routines.

When is Companion Care Needed?

A few situations where companion care could be of assistance to you or a loved one include:

• Wanting someone to help so a primary caregiver can get out of the house for an hour or two to shop for groceries, pick up prescriptions, or just to get a break from his or her daily caregiving routine.

• Helping people start or end the day by assisting with daily activities such as dressing them or helping get in or out of bed when they can’t physically do it anymore.

• Changing linens and making beds can be strenuous. There may be a need for help with this or other household chores.

• Having someone help when a primary caregiver is sick or doesn’t have the stamina to be a caregiver while also taking care of him or herself.

• Helping alleviate “caregiver burnout” if the primary caregiver is experiencing fatigue, stress, anxiety, or depression about trying to do too much to help around the house.

In addition to all of the services mentioned above, companions can provide something else that’s priceless: peace-of-mind for you and your family members. Contact CareFocus Companion Services for more information. 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, an average of five to 20 percent of Americans contract the flu each year and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu-related complications. The CDC has determined that vaccinations are the single most effective way to stay protected from the flu and it strongly encourages all individuals to get vaccinated annually.

Who is at risk?
Generally, individuals who are faced with a higher risk of complications from the flu include people who:

• Are 50 years of age or older.

• Have chronic or long-term health problems, such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, and emphysema.

• Have weakened immune systems from conditions such as cancer or HIV/AIDS.

• Are pregnant during flu season.

• Are children and adolescents between the ages of six months and 18 years.

• Are healthcare personnel and caregivers who come in contact with infected individuals

Contrary to a popular myth, you cannot get the flu from the vaccine since it is made from inactive influenza viruses. Keep in mind that even if you received a flu shot last year, you still need to receive another one this year to remain protected.  Each year the flu strain changes and a new vaccine is developed to provide the best possible protection.

Where do you get your shot?
Every fall, millions of people across the country get vaccinated to protect themselves from influenza. One of the easiest ways to receive your vaccination and stay healthy is by visiting one of the more than 44,000 flu shot clinics sponsored by Maxim Health Systems.

To find a flu clinic in your area and learn about flu season from other great resources, visit www.findaflushot.com, where you can find information about:

• Flu immunization clinics located across the nation.  These clinics are easily accessible and often held in local pharmacies, grocery stores, or retail establishments.

• Wellness Services with preventive care for corporations, Physicians, colleges, travel agencies, senior living facilities, and the general public.

• Flu News and Resources about H1N1 (“Swine Flu”), related links, frequently asked questions, and a media center with announcements and press releases. You can even sign up for flu e-mail updates.

• Best of all, when you are on the findaflushot.com Web site, you can use the Flu Shot Locator that will start listing local clinics on September 1st. Any time after that date, just type in your zip code and the dates you will need a shot. In seconds, it will show you the locations of clinics in your area where you can get a vaccination for the 2009-10 vaccination season. For your convenience, you may also schedule a reminder and you will be notified via e-mail to check the Flu Shot Locator to find a location for the upcoming flu season once clinics are available.

The best offense against the flu is a good defense. Schedule your flu shot soon to be immunized for this year’s strains.

Visit your Physician regularly: While staying on top of your health is important for people of all ages, as you enter your senior years it’s particularly important to schedule routine checkups, an annual physical, and to discuss any problems you might be experiencing.

Keep your mind active: People who read daily, do crossword puzzles, learn new skills, play a musical instrument, or stay busy on a computer are exercising their mind for mental wellness.

Keep a positive attitude: We all have moments where we may find ourselves struggling with negative thoughts such as fear, self-doubt, anger, anxiety, or depression. At times like these it is important to maintain a positive attitude and not sweat the small stuff that is beyond your control. Look on the brighter side of everything to live a happier, healthier life.

Exercise daily:  If possible, try to exercise for 30 minutes a day. Just remember to first consult with your doctor before beginning any exercise program. With his or her approval, choose an aerobic exercise that you like and are able to do without straining or hurting yourself.

Maintain an active social life: Studies have shown that keeping strong social networks may reduce the risk of dementia and prevent declines in memory among seniors.[i] Staying engaged with friends, family, and within your community is key to maintaining your well being and preserving memories for years to come.

Eat a well-balanced diet: Eating the right foods and drinking plenty of water can make you feel stronger, healthier, and boost your immune system. Healthy eating does not need to be bland and flavorless. Download our series of Tips for Healthy Eating for more information.

Get plenty of rest: No matter how young or old you may be, adults need a minimum of seven hours of sleep per night in order to properly recharge the body.[ii] A senior who lacks sleep can suffer from mood swings, depression, memory lapses, or drowsiness during the day and restless sleep during the night. Often, sleeping problems can lead to poor quality of life.

Even though September is Healthy Aging Month®, you can benefit greatly by putting these tips to use every month of the year.

The time may come when you will need to ask yourself whether a loved one is still able to care for him or herself independently. Despite the distance, the process of obtaining qualified care for your loved one does not have to be difficult.

When searching for in-home care for your loved one, CareFocus Companion Services recommends the following steps:

• Start by performing an assessment with your family member’s doctors. An assessment may identify any special needs a patient may have, and evaluate physical function and mobility.  Further assessments may include evaluation of living and self-care skills by occupational therapists and identifying speech and/or swallowing issues by speech/language pathologists, especially following medical complications like a stroke.

• Next, determine what level of care your loved one may need and its accompanying cost. For many seniors in need of care, this could start with care from a home health aide, who can provide assistance with daily living activities, such as personal care and grooming, and perhaps even some light cooking and cleaning.

• You may need to consider a higher level of care for cases that require closer monitoring. Work with a Physician to determine if skilled nursing care might be needed for conditions such as medication and pain management, cardiac and respiratory assessment, cancer care, diabetes care, wound care, and IV therapy and/or catheter care.

• You might also consider using the growing technology of home health and home safety monitoring services that families can use, in conjunction with a nurse or homecare agency, in order to provide your family with peace of mind.

• Finally, you can learn more about home healthcare through CareFocus Companion Services' online resource center, which includes access to our monthly E-mail Newsletter, Brochures, Articles and News, Useful Links, and additional resources.

If you’re about to decide on a long distance care provider, you’re not alone. CareFocus Companion Services is here to guide you with information and provide you with the resources you’ll need to ensure that your loved one is receiving the best possible care.

If you think a family member may be in need of homecare or caregiving services, contact CareFocus Companion Services today for a free assessment.

• Dress according to the weather. You can stay cooler by wearing loose-fitting, lightweight, light-colored clothing. Don’t forget to pack a hat to cover your head during daytime sightseeing excursions.

• Drink lots of fluids. When you travel, drink up to eight or more eight-ounce glasses of water or juice per day to avoid dehydration, especially on long plane flights.

• Watch the clock. If you normally take your medications at dinnertime, but you’ll be traveling across multiple time zones, call your doctor before you leave to discuss the right time to take your prescriptions.

• Fill up your toiletry bag. It’s usually a good idea to bring along a variety of over-the-counter medications so you’ll have them if you need them. These can include anything ranging from motion sickness pills to first aid items. Please remember to consult with your Physician before taking any medication.

• Call someone when you arrive. Contact a friend or family member when you reach your intended destination to let them know you are safe.

Remember, if you are unsure about your health needs while traveling, you can always consult your healthcare provider.

While enjoying your summer outdoor activities, it is important to be aware of signs of dehydration and other heat-related illnesses and conditions. Friends, family, and loved ones should check on seniors and children when summer temperatures rise. CareFocus Companion Services can also assist with monitoring and ensuring that the seniors and children under their care remain comfortable and protected, allowing everyone to enjoy the summer.

Below are several easy-to-follow tips from CareFocus Companion Services to help yourself or a loved one beat the heat this summer.

• Stay hydrated. Drink eight or more eight-ounce glasses of water or juice per day. Avoid caffeinated, sugary, and alcoholic beverages.
• Dress for the heat. Wear loose-fitting, light-weight clothes made of natural, breathable fabrics like cotton. Light colors that reflect sun and heat will also help you or a loved one remain cool.
• Run errands or exercise in the morning or evening when temperatures are cooler.
• It is important for people to protect their skin or eyes from sun damage. Wear a broad-brimmed hat, wraparound sunglasses with 99 percent ultra-violet (UV) absorption, and at least 30 SPF sunscreen and lip balm.
• Stay indoors during extreme heat. If indoor temperatures exceed 85 degrees, turn on the air conditioner or head for a cooling shelter, senior center, friend’s home, movie theater, mall, or library.
• Keep inside temperatures down. To cool rooms, keep blinds and curtains closed but windows open. Turn electric lights off or down.
• Stay cool. Take a cool bath or shower to lower body temperature.
• Avoid heavy meals or turning on the oven. Eat healthy foods like sandwiches, salads, fresh fruits, and vegetables.
• Have friends, family, loved ones, or your CareFocus home health care provider check on you throughout the day to ensure you are protected from the heat.

Please remember that these tips should not be used in place of medical advice from a doctor or other trusted healthcare provider. If you seek medical advice on how to combat summer heat, please speak to your healthcare provider.

Be Organized. To ensure your caregiver provides the best possible care for your loved one you want to make sure everything they need is well organized and easily accessible.  Write down emergency contact information for all Physicians who interact with your loved one as well as family members and friends.  Keep multiple copies of all important forms and papers.  Share a copy of your loved one’s care plan, medication regime, and daily schedule with your caregiver.  Do a walk though of the house to point out where all medications, meals, and other daily necessities are kept.  Organization allows your caregiver to focus on your loved one’s comfort and happiness. 

Be Respectful. Your caregiver is there to help you and your loved one, but you must also remember that he or she has a life and families of their own.  When you have special requests or specific questions, make sure you ask in a timely fashion. When you request help or ask a question, show respect for your caregiver by asking for a moment of his/her time and attention to consider your request. This lets your caregiver know you understand that his/her time is valuable, and that you and your loved one appreciate him/her and the care that is provided. Being respectful of your caregiver establishes a connection, ensuring your requests are more likely to be positively received and fulfilled.
   
Don’t Wait.  Even though you want to be respectful of your caregiver’s time, never wait to inform he/she that you don’t understand something or you are uncomfortable with new procedures or care plans.  It is very important to be upfront and honest about all of your feelings pertaining to your loved one’s safety and comfort.  Similarly, if you notice any change in your loved one’s behavior, either positive, negative, or both, do not wait to discuss these changes with your caregiver.  Your caregiver needs to be aware of and understand everything about your loved one’s condition so that he/she may remain effective in his/her care. 

A professional caregiver is meant to help you provide the best possible care for your loved one without creating more stress for you.  When you are communicating with your loved one’s caregiver just remember never to wait to discuss important matters, treat them with the respect they deserve, and stay organized.  If you remain thorough and respectful, your caregiver will respond positively to you, allowing for better overall care for your loved one. 

If you have questions or would like to learn more about how you can better plan for the future, contact your local CareFocus Companion Services office today.

Don’t Use Baby Talk.  Beware of patronizing, condescending or childish expressions and tone when talking with seniors. Remember you are talking to an adult, not a child. Patronizing speech or baby talk will put older adults on the defensive and convey a lack of respect for them. Put yourself in your loved ones’ shoes and think of how you would want to be addressed in the situation.

Be Patient and Tolerant.  Understand that because they are aging and in some cases becoming more forgetful that they may tell you the same stories over and over again.  It's important to your loved one to share with you.  Take the time to show them they're important to you by listening attentively and asking thoughtful questions.

Maximize Independence.  Always try to move toward solutions that provide the maximum amount of independence for your loved one.  Look for answers that optimize strengths and compensate for problems. If your loved one needs help at home, look for tools that can help them maintain their strengths. Professional caregiving services, such as those offered by CareFocus Companion Services, provide assistance in a number of areas including meal preparation, light housekeeping or medication reminders.

When you are speaking with your loved one just remember to encourage their independence, listen attentively, and treat them with the respect they deserve.  If you remain patient and caring, your loved one will respond positively to you, allowing for a better overall experience. 

If you have questions or would like to learn more about how you can better plan for the future, contact your local CareFocus Companion Services office today.

Planning for long term care now can help to protect your retirement assets, minimize dependence on family members and loved ones, and control how, where, and from whom you receive assistance.  Consider the following factors when assessing your potential future need for care:

• Age: As the average life expectancy continues to increase, most of us will eventually need assistance, provide assistance to a loved one, or both. The older you are or expect to be, the greater the probability will be that you will one day need assistance.
• Gender: Women tend to live longer than men, and as a result, are more likely to need care at some point later in life.
• Marital status: If you are single, it will be more likely that you will need to plan for paid care as there may be fewer family resources readily available.
• Family health history: If you are genetically predisposed to certain long term illnesses, you could be more likely to need care at some point down the line.
• Lifestyle: Choices that you make in regards to your diet, exercise habits, and other behaviors can affect your risk of health problems, accidents, and need for future care.
• Financial status: Identify your financial options, including savings, and what will work for you and your family in covering potential long term care costs. Educate yourself on the options that are available and whether they are right for you. For most people, a financial plan that includes a combination of options is likely to be the best approach.

If you have questions or would like to learn more about how you can better plan for the future, contact your local CareFocus Companion Services office today.